Even though sea customs Act, Land customs Act and rules for import by air enacted by British rulers first time in India, Kautilya’s Arthashastra refers to ‘sulka’ (customs duty) consisting of both import duty and export duty to be collected at the city gates on both goods coming in and going out.
World Trade Organisation
India became a signatory to the General Agreement on Trade and Tariffs(GATT) which is now known as World Trade Organisation (WTO)
WTO was formed to replace GATT which provides identical treatment for all member countries in respecting product and services. India was contractually bound to reduce the Tariff rates over a period of time and also remove Tariff and non Tariff barriers. With the introduction of WTO guidelines non tariff barriers such as license, quotas etc Also known as Quantiative Restrictions(QR) removed.
As a result of GATT(now WTO) India has seen vast changes in customs valuation rules for imports. But to safeguard domestic trade WTO mechanism permits the levy of Anti Dumping duty and safeguard duty.
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